Case Study- 4-year-old African American male living in a rural community

Introduction:
In this case study, we focus on a 4-year-old African American boy residing in a rural community. We will explore communication techniques, targeted questions, risk assessment instruments, and health-related risks specific to his background and environment.

Communication and Interview Techniques:
When communicating with a 4-year-old boy like this, it’s important to consider his age, ethnicity, and surroundings. While the communication techniques might not differ based on race, the health disparities linked to genetics and ethnicity need consideration. Using age-appropriate language, maintaining cultural sensitivity, and ensuring a comfortable environment are essential (Ball et al., 2019).

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Targeted Questions:
Tailoring questions to address social determinants of health is crucial. Inquiring about living conditions, access to healthcare, family support, and education helps understand the child’s well-being. For example, asking about family meals, exercise, and home environment can provide insights (Ball et al., 2019).

Health-Related Risks:
Considering his age, gender, race, and environment, health risks could include lead poisoning, obesity, limited healthcare access, and food insecurity. African American children are more susceptible to certain health issues due to various factors (Diamond-Fox, 2021).

Selected Risk Assessment:
The Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI) Health Risk Screening Tool is a suitable choice. This tool assesses nutrition, exercise, mental health, and injury risks. It provides a comprehensive view of the child’s health (Sullivan, 2019).

Targeted Questions for Health Risks Assessment:
To understand his health risks and build a comprehensive health history, specific questions are vital:

– When was his last medical check-up and bloodwork?
– How often does the family eat meals together?
– Any family history of conditions like high cholesterol, diabetes, or heart disease?
– Does he engage in physical activities?
– What type of home does he live in and does his family own or rent?

Conclusion:
Examining a 4-year-old African American boy’s health history requires tailored approaches to communication, questioning, and risk assessment. Considering his background and environment aids in providing appropriate healthcare and addressing potential risks for his well-being.

References:
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Diamond-Fox, S. (2021). Undertaking consultations and clinical assessments at advanced level. British Journal of Nursing, 30(4), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.4.238

Sullivan, D. D. (2019). Guide to clinical documentation (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis.

Communication and Interview techniques

The communication and interview techniques I would use for a 4-year-old African American male living in a rural community would be no different from questioning a 4-year-old white American living in a rural community. The difference, however, lies in the health disparities between a young black child and a young white child. While race should not be an underlier, it, unfortunately, is when it comes to healthcare and genetics. When creating communication and interview approaches, it is necessary to identify the patient’s age, gender, ethnicity, and surroundings. In this case, the patient is a 4-year-old Black American male living in a rural town. It would be obvious that any 4 year old child cannot answer questions the same way a child’s parents can so you would be asking communicating and interviewing the parent and/or guardian of the child. It is imperative to speak in a manner that is age appropriate and ensure that cultural sensitivity is held with high regard Case Study- 4-year-old African American male living in a rural community. Finally, it is important to make sure the patient feels at ease and that the surrounding area is secure (Ball et. al., 2019).

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Targeted questions

Targeted questions should be based on the social determinants of health. For example, living environment, access to healthcare, access to food, income status, educational needs, and social supports in the home and at school. Targeted questions are meant to be invasive to the patients socio-economic status because that is how you can help them the most. For instance, I would ensure that any child 5 and under is not living in a home with the possibility of lead based paint. According to the EPA (n.d.), “Before renting pre-1978 housing, lessors must disclose the presence of known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the dwelling. Lessees must also receive a federally approved pamphlet on lead poisoning prevention Inquiries about the patient’s way of life, family history, and any present medical conditions are also appropriate (p.1).”

Risk assessment instruments

I would utilize the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI) Health Risk Screening Tool, and the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) Pediatric Preventive Health Care Guidelines (Ball et. al, 2019) Case Study- 4-year-old African American male living in a rural community.

Health-related risks

Health related concerns for a 4 year old black male would be based upon age, gender, race and environmental concerns. Black Americans are at an increased risk of lead poisoning, obesity, lack of access to healthcare, and food insecurity.

Selected Risk Assessment

For a 4-year-old African American male living in a rural area, the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI) Health Risk Screening is appropriate This instrument evaluates health risks related to nutrition, exercise, mental health, and injury prevention (Sullivan, 2019).

Targeted questions to assess his or her health risks and begin building a health history

When was your most recent physical and bloodwork?
How often do you eat family meals together?
Has anyone in your immediate family been diagnosed with High cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease?
Do you exercise?
What type of home do you live in? Do you own or rent?
Case Study- 4-year-old African American male living in a rural community

References

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Diamond-Fox, S. (2021). Undertaking consultations and clinical assessments at advanced levelLinks to an external site.. British Journal of Nursing, 30(4), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.4.238Links to an external site.

Links to an external site.Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). EPA. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https://www.epa.gov/lead

Sullivan, D. D. (2019). Guide to clinical documentation (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis.

RESPONSE

Hi XX

I enjoyed reading your post, you had great insight on your topic. I read a little bit about techniques to interview young children and it definitely is imperative to change the way you would normally interview an adult. I read that it was really important to know as much about the situation you can beforehand. Open ended questions are a great technique when interviewing a child. I read that children tend to be more honest when they can speak freely from an open ended question and the answer is often more accurate. Sometimes props are encouraged for young children to use when trying to answer your interview question as well. You never want to use leading questions because children tend to answer how they think you want them to answer.

I did not know much about the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, but it seems to be a good system in place to evaluate health concerns. It touches on subjects like unhealthy dietary behaviors and inadequate physical activity. As I was reading about the system, it seems to be used more in the adolescent stage, so I’m not sure if it could be used successfully in a four year old.

References

Center for Children’s Advocacy. (n.d.). Child development & interviewing children – center for children’s advocacy. Interviewing Children & Child Development. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https://cca-ct.org/interviewing%20child%20client.pdfLinks to an external site.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, August 20). YRBSS Overview. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/overview.htm

Case Study- 4-year-old African American male living in a rural community
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Case Study- 4-year-old African American male living in a rural community